![]() This type of scoliosis generally progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. Neuromuscular scoliosis encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or muscular diseases. Because these abnormalities are present at birth, congenital scoliosis is usually detected at a younger age than idiopathic scoliosis. ![]() The geometry and location of the abnormalities determine the rate at which the scoliosis progresses in magnitude as the child grows. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate than the rest. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty.Ĭongenital scoliosis results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae and may occur in any location of the spine. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. The axial plane is parallel to the plane of the ground and at right angles to the coronal and sagittal planes. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves. The coronal plane is a vertical plane from head to foot and parallel to the shoulders, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections. While the degree of curvature is measured on the coronal plane, scoliosis is actually a more complex, three-dimensional problem which involves the following planes: Scoliosis is often defined as spinal curvature in the “coronal” (frontal) plane. These natural curves position the head over the pelvis and work as shock absorbers to distribute mechanical stress during movement. The spine's normal curves occur at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions in the so-called “sagittal” plane. ![]() It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Scoliosis | American Association of Neurological Surgeons
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